Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a potent phenolic acid derived from phenylalanine and is considered to have several important biological activities. japonica extracts include phenolic acids, flavonoids, volatile oils, and saponins, and predominantly account for a wide range of attributed pharmacological properties. japonica has also been used as a health beverage such as ‘Jin Yin Hua’ tea or ‘Jin Yin Hua’ wine, as cosmetics such as ‘Jin Yin Hua’ floral water, or even as an active ingredient of toothpaste to prevent oral cavity diseases. Apart from its application in traditional medicine, L. japonica were used to prevent and treat severe acute respiratory syndromes, H1N1 influenza, and hand, foot and mouth diseases, and were reported to be effective against SARS coronavirus. japonica possess a wide range of bioactive properties, such as anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-nociceptive among others. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that extracts from L. japonica, particularly leaves and floral buds are used to derive bioactive metabolites for various preparations and medicinal uses. japonica being used for the treatment of various diseases. japonica has been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, with >500 prescriptions containing L. japonica in the herbal medicine trading market has increased by several hundred-fold in recent years, and >30 % of current traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions contain extracts from different plant parts of L. japonica have been reported to possess unique medicinal properties, with flowers and floral buds being highly used in Chinese traditional medicine, while the leaves and stems are used in Japan. japonica has been used as traditional medicine in China for over thousands of years, and has been listed as top grade in ‘Ming Yi Bie Lu’ and ‘Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing’, and described in ‘Ben Cao Gang Mu’, the famous classical book of Chinese Materia Medica, as early as the seventeenth century, for applications in various diseases such as to clean away the heat-evil or heal the swelling. However, as it is highly invasive to the ecology of some countries, such as New Zealand and several other countries including North America, it is considered a major nuisance and is restricted. japonica is native to eastern Asia, and is cultivated worldwide, particularly in China, Japan, and Korea due to its medicinal properties, and as an ornamental plant due to its pleasant smelling flowers, and attractive evergreen foliage. Lonicera japonica Thunb, also known as Japanese honeysuckle, ‘Jin Yin Hua’, and ‘ Ren Dong’, belongs to the Caprifoliaceae family and is often used in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine. The present study will serve as a resource for future attempts for functional characterization of enzyme coding genes within key metabolic processes. japonica are enriched with sets of unigenes associated with specific pharmaceutically important metabolic pathways and, therefore, possess unique medicinal properties. Our results showed that different tissues of L. Expression of unigenes associated with chlorogenic acid was enriched in stems and leaf-2, unigenes from luteolin were enriched in stems and flowers, while unigenes from secoiridoid metabolic pathways were enriched in leaf-1 and shoot apex. Homologs for all genes associated with chlorogenic acid, luteolin, and secoiridoid biosynthesis pathways were identified in the L. ![]() japonica showed relationships between tissues, explaining their association at different developmental stages. Unsupervised principal component analysis and correlation studies using transcript expression data from all nine tissues of L. japonica were used, resulting in 243,185 unigenes, with 99,938 unigenes annotated based on a homology search using blastx against the NCBI-nr protein database. A total of 22 Gbps clean RNA-seq reads from nine tissues of L. ![]() japonica, representing transcripts from nine different tissues. In this study, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly for L. Despite being a rich source of pharmaceutically active metabolites, little is known about the biosynthetic enzymes involved, and their expression profile across different tissues of L. japonica extracts have revealed an accumulation of pharmaceutically active metabolite classes, such as chlorogenic acid, luteolin and other flavonoids, and secoiridoids, which impart characteristic medicinal properties. Extensive studies on the constituents of L. ![]() Lonicera japonica is one of the most important medicinal plants with applications in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine for thousands of years.
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